Wednesday, September 2, 2020

cancer1 essays

cancer1 articles Most tumors are named after the piece of the body where the malignant growth first beginnings. Lung malignant growth starts in the lungs. The lungs are two wipe like organs in the chest. The correct lung has three areas, called projections. The left lung has two flaps. It is littler in light of the fact that the heart occupies more space on that side of the body. The lungs acquire air and out of the body, taking in oxygen and disposing of carbon dioxide gas, a waste item. The covering around the lungs, called the pleura, assists with ensuring the lungs and permits them to move during relaxing. The windpipe (trachea) brings air down into the lungs. It partitions into tubes called bronchi, which isolate into littler branches called bronchioles. Toward the finish of these little branches are minuscule air sacs known as alveoli. Most lung tumors start in the coating of the bronchi however they can likewise start in different regions, for example, the trachea, bronchioles, or alveoli. Lung malignancy frequently takes numerous years to create. When the lung malignant growth happens, disease cells can split away and spread to different pieces of the body. Lung malignant growth is a perilous ailment since it frequently spreads thusly before it is found. Imaging tests: these tests use x-beams, attractive fields, sound waves or radioactive substances to make photos of within the body. A portion of the imaging tests used to discover lung malignant growth and to see where in the body it might have spread incorporate x-beams, CT check (registered tomography), MRI (attractive reverberation imaging), PET (positron emanation tomography) sweeps, and bone outputs. Sputum cytology: an example of mucus (spit) is taken a gander at under a magnifying lens to check whether malignant growth cells are available. Needle biopsy: a needle is set into the tumor to evacuate a bit of tissue. The tissue is taken a gander at in the lab to check whether malignant growth cells are available. Bronchoscopy: a lit, adaptable cylinder is gone through the mouth into the bronchi. This test can help discover tumors or it very well may be utilized to take tests of tissue... <! Cancer1 expositions Malignant growth has influenced the lives of all of us alive today. Numerous individuals have know somebody with malignant growth, yet even the individuals who havent have been assaulted with consistent tokens of its horrible danger. In spite of the fact that malignant growth is frequently alluded to as a solitary condition, it really comprises of in excess of 100 distinct sicknesses, all described by the uncontrolled development, propagation, and spread of unusual body cells. These ailments are exclusively remarkable, yet the essential procedures that produce diseases are fundamentally the same as (Ruddon, 1995). The human body comprises of more than 30 trillion cells, living in a mind boggling, associated concordance. They manage every others expansion; typical cells replicate just when trained to do as such by different cells in their region. This steady joint effort guarantees that each tissue keeps up a specific size and capacity that is actually what the body needs. Disease cel ls, then again, abuse the whole procedure. In addition to the fact that they ignore the bodys controls on multiplication, they have the capacity to attack close by tissues, and may even metastasize relocate and structure tumors in far off destinations of the body. How do malignancy cells accomplish this? For quite a long time, this inquiry tormented researchers all over the place. Yet, in the course of the most recent 20 years, researchers have revealed a lot of fundamental rules that oversee the improvement of malignant growth ( Brock, 1993). Inside every phone lies a structure called a core which contains portions of material known as DNA (dioxyribonucleic corrosive.) Each of these strips is separated into many qualities, which are the codes and layouts for all the elements of the human body. Every quality indicates an arrangement of amino acids that must be connected together to make a specific protein; the protein at that point conveys our crafted by the quality. Two sorts of qualities, which are just a little portion of the hereditary material, assume especially significant jobs ... <!

Saturday, August 22, 2020

This Way For The Gas Ladies And free essay sample

Man of his word A Reflection On The Book By Thadeus Borowitz Essay, Research Paper ? Between two toss ins in an affiliation football match-up, directly behind my dorsum, three 1000 individuals had been killed. ? ( page 84 ) Can you imagine? In a clasp time of likely 10 proceedingss 3,000 individuals were violently killed in a gas chamber. This figure is a tiny figure contrasted with the 1000000s and 1000000s of individuals that were murdered during this appalling clasp period. In Tadeusz Borowski? s book This way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen, he depicts the abominable mass slayings, the competiveness, and the dread that these individuals experienced. How could individuals that were non Nazi? s continue murdering? For what reason did they non revolt? The answer to these requests is dread. ? The Rottenfuhrer raised his manus and pummeled him over the face energetically. ? ( page 66 ) This grown-up male was rebuffed in light of the fact that he did non remain at joining in and take his chapeaus off while turn toing an official. We will compose a custom article test on Along these lines For The Gas Ladies And or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page There were individuals that had lost all expectation. These individuals were known as? Muslims? all through the focus cantonments. These people had been scarred so seriously by what they had seen that they generally became veggies. They strolled around the cantonments with their caputs down, trusting that their twist will head out to the gas Chamberss. They had no will to populate. The individuals that would be the well on the way to revolt where the troopers. These were hostages that just had somewhat more fortune. These individuals were the 1s that were typically non-Jews that got placed in the penitentiaries for something that the Nazi? s felt was mistaken. The solitary advantages that these officers had were they had a superior chance of gaining staff of life and a superior chance of enduring. ? In the corners in the midst of human body squander and abandonded wrist-watches lie crushed, stomped on babies, exposed little beasts with colossal caputs and enlarged midsections. We complete them like poulets keeping a few in each hand. ? ( page 39 ) This would be sufficient to do any individual self-destruct. In any case, populating in dismay drove them to be solid willed people. It was their craving to populate that other than keep up these work powers voyaging. These fighters encountered this trepidation principal manus. They are the 1s that took care of the 1000000s of dead bodies. They watched with calm yells as their companions and family strolled to their perish. They were the 1s that associated with the S.S. officials. These officials ingrained in their caputs simply how dreadful they ought to be. Expressing them about how they should cover with Jews whom are misbaving and what could go on to them in the event that they do non reproach the Jews. These individuals had dry force. Control over the hostages however non over themselves. This was an understood in dread that drove them to go competitory among each other. They would take from one another to influence their equivalents. They would fight over the possesions of the individuals whom were gassed to see who could get the best silk shirt or support of spots. The competitvness inside the cantonments was enourmous. The officials were ever looking to out-do each other. ? Furthermore, it is other than evident that in Poznan I for one hanged my other kid, and non by the weaponries, yet by the cervix. He took bread. ? ( page 54 ) This shows competiveness in an alternate way. In a way it demonstrates a surprising certainty to the Nazi? s despite the fact that this grown-up male was a hostage. In this I see that this grown-up male was on a force high, by trying to move like a Nazi to demo that he was solid and coldblooded. The way where these prisoners managed their background was inconceivable. They saw 1000000s of guiltless residents that were detained and mishandled. They were decieved that it would in a matter of seconds be finished and they would expire in the event that they did non act. A huge number of different residents were murdered for no ground at all aside from the way that they were Jewish. To revolt was unhoped of as a result of the alarm of what could perchance go on to them. These work powers and grown-up females that did last built up a solid will that assisted with driving them on. ? Julek other than expounds on your female parent, that she appeals to God for us and trusts that we will return and that we will ever be together? ? ( page 138 ) That? will? could hold been that they realized that this ghastliness would non last everlastingly and they would run into with their adored 1s again to populate a cheerful life. This? will? could other than plan that they felt their accounts should have been heard with the expectation that slayers would be rebuffed each piece seriously as they were. To last a real existence brimming with sick competiveness, constant dismay, and the loss of cherished 1s is a colossal accomplishment.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Failed IT project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bombed IT anticipate - Essay Example The Affordable Care Act †MNsure venture in Minnesota cost more than $150M USD. The task flopped because of the accompanying: Solid sponsorship, just as strong prerequisites, is especially dubious to drop by in a political setting. It is on the grounds that numerous people alongside bunch partners contend with each other at that point modify the task (Keegan, Huemann, and Turner 2). Applying the political course of extensive contentions, accord working alongside various plans to characterizing venture prerequisites brings calamity. To evade this disappointment, the contractual workers accomplishing the administration work ought to have debilitated changes. The temporary workers saw an opportunity to develop the task scope with work of an a lot higher-edge since change orders are generally considerably more gainful contrasted with the first offer. Another approach to maintain a strategic distance from the disappointment was to have satisfactory sponsorship and solid prerequisites. Inadequate sponsorship and feeble prerequisites were converged with a cascade advancement strategy together with the general enormous detonation procedure utilized by the administration acquisition techniques. Keegan, Anne, Martina Huemann, and J. R. Turner. Past the Line: Exploring the HRM Responsibilities of Line Managers, Project Managers and the HRM Department in Four Project-situated Companies in the Netherlands, Austria, the UK and the USA. International Journal of Human Resource Managementâ (2012): n. pag.

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

KSA Samples Reflective Essay - Reflective Essay on KSA Samples

KSA Samples Reflective Essay - Reflective Essay on KSA SamplesOne great way to use KSA Samples is to write a reflective essay on the stages of an average school day. In this instance, I'd like to use the example of an elementary school in Oklahoma, as this is one setting I believe is fairly representative of schools across the country. The following is a very brief synopsis of my KSA Samples Reflective Essay on KSA Samples...KSA Samples Reflective Essay on KSA Samples... It can be said that we in the United States (and Canada) are all under the guidance of a few basic principles. We all practice uniformity's that are actually an important part of our constitution.The KSA Samples Reflective Essay on KSA Samples... The absolute equality that is embodied in our national identity is often compared to that of the American flag. We all wear our patriotism on our sleeve, and we even sing our anthem whenever we're calling attention to it. But what's so amazing about this, is that many of the exact same things that seem to be innate to the American Flag, are actually ingrained in our national history.My Samples Reflective Essay on Samples... These elements, and many others were built by the generations before us, and now the gas sample is just as integral to our nation's success as the flag itself. Yet, because these unique qualities are preserved as a heritage by our education system, we must continually go back and review our history to make sure that these core values remain intact for future generations.Reflective Essay on KSA Samples... The right to equal opportunity was extended to all Americans, who received a huge boost to their opportunities from the Civil Rights movement. Those of us who were born in this country have been blessed with the privilege of being able to use our immigration status as a means to ensure that we will be treated equally, and it is from that place that we've gained all of our cherished opportunities.Reflective Essay on KSA Samples... To take another example, the greatest engine of our economy has always been the American Spirit. The belief that we can achieve anything, that we can attain any goal that we set our minds to, and that we will achieve whatever we want in life, if we all do our part, is really what drives our economy.The KSA Samples Reflective Essay on KSA Samples... While I'm not a religious man, I love to consider the ways in which our government can serve and promote the understanding of a deity, and it always goes without saying that these principles apply to every person of faith. God is love, and he wants us to reach out, hug and kiss our neighbor as we reach out to touch his hand.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Essay about The Park - Original Writing - 2487 Words

The Park - Original Writing 25 June 6:00am. As the sun slowly begins to rise, a peaceful chirping noise comes from the birds hidden amongst the trees. The park is about to wake from its long, tranquil and peaceful sleep. The woodland is beginning to arise-a humming grasshopper and the odd droning bee. The sunlight shines, making tall beams of light through the gaps in the branches of the trees. The tall night-scary trees become friendlier in the early morning brightness. As the woodland prepares for another swelteringly warm, sunny day the air becomes moist and heavy, making it hard to breathe. When the morning sunlight hits the tall metal structures of the play park, they breathe a†¦show more content†¦Beer cans were strewn everywhere branches had been viciously snapped off the trees and graffiti was sprayed all over the childrens play park. It made Barry red with rage. Dirty graffiti he thought, evil cans. He decided it was time to go on his morning inspection of the park, the park he cared for and loved. Thats when he saw it. Walking towards the play park, he found the first sign of vandalism: a beer can strewn on the floor; its shiny label glinting in the morning sunlight. He picked up the can and tossed it into the black binbag, which he was gripping the top of ever tighter each time he found another piece of rubbish. If the top of the bin bag had been a neck, the person would be dead by now. After collecting all the rubbish and the broken branches and had tried to scrub off another piece of art from the slide in the play park the park was beginning to fill up with many varied types of people. Rather like extras crowding onto a film set. There were weary mothers pushing prams, teenagers flying through the park on rollerblades and smart, bold businessmen with faces like dark clouds thinking about what they would face in the day ahead. Barry walked sternly back to his hut with his bag of rubbish. He was going to catch them he thought. He had built up a picture of what the vandals looked like. Got to be teenagers he guessed. They must look very scruffy and probably hardly everShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Jurassic Park 1483 Words   |  6 Pagesfew, in this case we are referring to the Jurassic Park series. â€Å"Jurassic Park† is a four- part movie series that has a pretty common, redundant style throughout the movies. In the series, it includes Jurassic Park, Lost World: Jurassic Park, Jurassic Park III, and Jurassic World, which includes all elements that are to be expected in an action, dramatic sci-fi movie. The pr esent criticism in this series is structuralism and the author’s writing style towards the movies gets more intense as the seriesRead MoreBrief History Of National Parks And How The Government Drove The Native Americans Out Of The Parklands1237 Words   |  5 Pagespeople are enjoying their experiences from the 58 beautiful national parks. The visitors can see the most treasured landscapes, the majestic mountains, and even many animals that are rarely seen. Nonetheless, many overlook or never realize that as much as they have benefited from the parks, there is a whole population that was fatally affected and eventually displaced from their homeland during the establishment of the national parks—the Native Americans. Their splendid history had come to an end andRead MoreSunday Field Trip And Sketch / Photo Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresent experience, as well as how photos found in blogs and magazines can be deceptive— creating visions of a site that are much different than the reality. Each essay must include an introductory blurb between 150 and 400 words and a minimum of 15 original images (including a site plan, at least two sketches analyzing detail or section, and 3†5 images that show a specific sequence you’ve moved through within the landscape). Each image should be associated with a blurb or caption of 1 to 4 sentencesRead MoreEssay on Jane Austen Novels: Success After Death1679 Words   |  7 PagesJane Austens death, her books gained a lot of attention (Leddy). Although Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, and Emma were not well known in the early eighteen hundreds, Jane Austen novels grew a substantial amount of popularity after Jane Austens death. Jane Austen started the novel Sense and Sensibility in seventeen ninety seven. The original title was Elinor and Marianne after the two main characters. The title changed to Sense and Sensibility and it was finished inRead More Ernest Hemingway Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagesknown for the passion that he used in all his writings. Many of his works are regarded as classics of American Literature, and some have even been made into motion pictures. The Old Man and the Sea, which is the story about an old Cuban fisherman, was published in 1952. Because of this creation, in 1954 Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois. He was educated in Oak Park High School and graduated in 1917. After graduatingRead MoreAcademia and Text Matching Software Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesmajor factor in education that has affected students’ success and academic achievements in recent years. Plagiarism according to Park (2003) is the act of appropriating or copying another person’s work and passing them on as one’s idea without acknowledging the original source. Park (2003) noted that plagiarism is a growing problem and has been a misuse of the writings of another author, their ideas, hypothesis, theories, research findings and interpretations. Furthermore studies by Chao, WilhelmRead MoreThe Legacy Of John Towner Williams The Star Wars Saga 1445 Words   |  6 PagesVader. A favorite among the hardcore fans, the â€Å"Imperial March† stands alone as one of the most chilling, illustrious musical themes of all time. Williams perfectly illustrates the immensity of the imperial army, and the galactic emp ire s power by writing a march so menacing that it is truly worthy of the Sith. The Star Wars trilogy was concluded with Return of the Jedi, where Williams introduced the Emperors Theme along with Han and Leia s Theme for the first time on the big screen. AnotherRead MoreA Report On Nars Style, Format, And Documentation945 Words   |  4 PagesHandbook for Writers of Research Papers offers complete and detailed guidance on NARS style, and there are many resources on the Internet that explain NARS style. Below is a primer of some of the most frequent and basic rules that pertain to the writing with NARS. Seek out other sources if the information below does not include what you need. NARS Format Your formal papers for this course should include or use: ï‚ § The following information in the upper left corner of the first page: your nameRead MoreDisneyland Park: The Disney Dedication Plaque . Introduction.1269 Words   |  6 PagesDisneyland Park: The Disney Dedication Plaque Introduction The Disneyland dedication plaque forms part of the most overlooked details in Disney parks. The plaque, which is located close to the anterior of the park not only sets the attitude for exploration but also offers words of inspiration. Notably, the plaque is signed by Walt Disney, the reigning executive at the time of Disneyland’s opening. Most people that visit the park often fail to notice the plaque despite it being a nice way ofRead MoreWriting Process : Writing And Writing862 Words   |  4 Pagesadopt a system of writing that I can use most of the time. To be involved through all the composing process, I need to gather all the tools that I need such as paper and a pen, a typewriter, or a computer. I must also choose a suitable writing environment or place, and then apply my writing techniques and skills. The writing process has different ways and steps, allowing each writer to develop his or her writing in his or her own way. By describing all the steps I go through when writing, I really show

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Most Influential Battles of the American Revolution Essay

During the Revolutionary War, there were many battles that were fought, but there were a few that changed the result of the war. The battles of Trenton and Princeton were fought strategically. During both of the battles, Washington made bold moves that later impacted the army’s success. Another battle that was fought was the Battle of Saratoga, and before this battle, the Continental Army did not have a strong chance of winning because they were facing the powerful and well equipped British army. The Battle of Saratoga was the battle that completely changed the tide of the war. The Battle of Yorktown was the last land battle fought of the Revolutionary War. It was also the battle where the British surrendered to the Americans and won†¦show more content†¦During the march to Trenton, there was a storm, so the Hessians did not send out an early morning patrol to look out for enemies. The storm also helped to hide Washington’s army, so the Hessians did not know t hey were coming. Major General Nathanael Greene and Major General John Sullivan were two men serving under General Washington. They were both marching with Washington on December 26, 1776. Washingtons plan of attack was to split his army into two groups in order to surround the Hessians. He and Major General Nathanael Greene would enter from the north, while Major General John Sullivan would enter Trenton from the south. Greene and Sullivan followed the plan, and the Hessians were completely taken by surprise. Both Generals moved into a position to surround the Hessians. Many soldiers started to abandon their artillery, so the Americans captured the abandoned artillery and used it to their advantage. Some of the Hessian and British soldiers tried to escape over Assunpink Bridge, but General Sullivan led troops to the bridge and guarded it to prevent more escapes. The Hessians and British were now trapped. The Hessians who tried to escape through the apple orchards and over Assunpink Bridge were all forced to surrender. The Americans had won the battle of Trenton in less than two hours. More than 400 British and Hessian soldiers escaped, and 106 hadShow MoreRelatedGeorge Washington : Man, Myth, Legend Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagesvery influential man throughout his career. The topics of discussion will be his life before, during, and after his career, his major events, and the effects of his major events on the world. There shall be three subtopics amongst each main topic. For the first section, the subtopics are the importance of his birthdate and birthplace, childhood life, and his education. The second section’s subtopics will consist of the hardships and prospering of the American Revolution, the major battles of theRead MoreAmerican History Exam1824 Words   |  7 PagesExam One Arguably the most influential monarch of the Colonial Era, King George the Third reigned England and colonial America from 1760 to 1820. His influence was held mostly over the colony of Massachusetts. He authorized his most influential Prime Minister, George Grenville (1763-1765), to carry out atrocious acts such as the Sugar and Quartering Acts of 1764 and 1765, as well as the unforgettable Stamp Act of 1766. King George III and Grenville are also responsible for the tax left on tea, inevitablyRead MoreMarquis De Lafayette : A French General And Hero Of The American Revolution1230 Words   |  5 PagesMarie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier or Marquis de Lafayette was a French general and hero of the American Revolution. Excited by the ideas of the American Revolution, Lafayette served alongside General George Washington during the revolution. Often known as a â€Å"hero of two worlds†, Lafayette gained much of his fame by successfully co-leading the American forces i n the siege of Lord Cornwallis’ British armies at Yorktown. This success is what helped America win the Revolutionary War, by forcingRead MoreStruggle For Independence: Pivotal Battles of the Revolution 1177 Words   |  5 Pages Americans of the eighteenth century might question: What were the most pivotal battles of the revolution? Was it at Saratoga, where the British marched through the dense forests of Massachusetts, trying to isolate the northern colonies and then attack them? When the Americans in Massachusetts heard of this plan, they constructed a plan to attack this convoy? Wa s it at Trenton, when Washington took his men on December 25th across the frigid Delaware River to surprise the Hessians? Then capturedRead MoreThe War Of The Revolutionary War1182 Words   |  5 PagesRevolutionary War, the American rebels did just as the great French military and political leader, Napoleon Bonaparte advised, â€Å"Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mista ke†. Though there were a great deal of missed opportunities and misguided actions taken by both sides of this war, none were as great as those by the ministers in London and British Generals Howe and Burgoyne. However, of these three, one held a great deal of responsibility for Britain’s failure to suppress the American rebels by 1777Read MoreAnalysis Of The Poem George Washington Crossing The Delaware River 867 Words   |  4 Pagestides of the American Revolution and proved to be one of the most important American victories of the war. This historical battle was commemorated through a painting by German artist, Emmanuel Leutze. The painting of George Washington crossing the Delaware River properly represents the fighting spirit and resiliency of the colonial forces during the American Revolution. The painting depicts one of the most decisive victories of the American Revolution. Prior to the battle American morale was veryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem George Washington Crossing The Delaware River 867 Words   |  4 Pagestides of the American Revolution and proved to be one of the most important American victories of the war. This historical battle was commemorated through a painting by German artist, Emmanuel Leutze. The painting of George Washington crossing the Delaware River properly represents the fighting spirit and resiliency of the colonial forces during the American Revolution. The painting depicts one of the most decisive victories of the American Revolution. Prior to the battle American morale was veryRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte And George Washington941 Words   |  4 PagesBonaparte, and George Washington. The U.S American Revolution, 1775-1783(History Online) the end of the French Revolution, 1789-1799 the commencement of the Napoleonic Era, 1804-1815(Bonjour la France). Two Revolutions, two Generals, on two Continents. Bonaparte and Washington fought for equality, freedom, and fraternity for their homelands. This essay will compare and contrast Napoleon Bonaparte and George Washington by their education, most significant battle, and achievements. The question is, wasRead MoreEssay On The French Revolution And American Revolution1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe American and French Revolutions are both unforgettable historical events that have made a substantial and severe impact on the present-day society. The American Revolution was an influential time period, lasting from 1774-1783, where the 13 British colonies in the Americas rebelled against the rule of Great Britain for independence. The French Revolution was a period of chaos from 1789 to 1799, where the people of France tried to overthrow their monarchy, King Louis XVI. Both of these RevolutionsRead MoreHistory - 10th Grade Short Essays.1379 Words   |  6 Pages VII ESSAY QUESTIONS Grade 10 What qualities in George Washington made him a good choice for commanding the revolutionary army? What were his most valuable contributions to independence? Washington would lead the Patriots to a surprising victory over Great Britain. There are many qualities that made George Washington into the great leader that he was. These qualities can be seen by the many

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Literature Review of Strategic Management In Non Profit Organization

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management In Non Profit Organization. Answer: Introduction Strategic managementis the process of identification and implementation of tactics by which managers of the organisation can achieve the aims and objectives. in order to reach the Strategicmanagement is important especially for the non-profit organizations as it serves to satisfy the stakeholders including donors, volunteers, executive directors, clients and staffs who are important and essential part of the success of the non-profits (Bryce, 2017). The strategicmanagement in non-profit organizations helps in continuous planning, controlling, assessment and analysis of all that is important operations of the business for achieving organizational goals and objectives of the company (Hill Jones, 2013). Methodology The method theta has been implemented to carry out the process of research is based on the topic. As the research is based on the systematic literature review the data that is gathered to reach the conclusion and answer the research question is all taken by the process of secondary data collection. It is the process by which the previous work of other authors and scholars are used to come to a conclusion, in this process the researcher is not going to base the findings and the result of the research on any new information. Systematic review is focused on addressing the issue by identifying, critically evaluating and integrating the result of all related studies. Google Scholar is a great platform to carry out this study. This is a service provided by Google where academic journal articles are found in form of PDF files. With the help of Keywords the researcher can find the previous work that has been done by other authors. The number of articles that is going to be used in the litera ture is in between 20-25 and the time period that has been selected to review the work is in between 2010-2017. As the topic that has been chosen is more theoretical the researcher will focus more on journals that have qualitative research more than quantitative. Literature Review Definition of non-profit organisation A non-profit organization (NPO) is a business entity whose aim and objective revolve around creating social value in the process of operation. The idea of NPOs is to develop and maintain a sustainable environment in the society by helping the people who are in need as well as focusing on the sections of the society that is being neglected (Weerawardena et al., 2010). On the other hand, according to Tabaku Mersini (2013), the nonprofit segment is usually addressed as the third sector, independent sector, voluntary sector, philanthropic sector, social sector, tax-exempt sector or the charitable sector. The similarities in between these definitions are that they both agree that the nonprofit is section that is focused on creation of value. The difference in the definition lies in the fact that the second definitions gives a more concrete idea about the sector and focuses on the aspects of the business. Definition of strategic management Formulation of a plan is different form creating a strategy the planning process comes after the strategy has been laid down. In a non-profit seeking organisation the operations of the business has a very different tone, as it is driven by values the strategies that are implemented by themanagement are also focused on the value creation (Anheier, 2014). According to Bao, (2015), it can be defined as the dynamic process of planning, observation, inspection and evaluation of the factors that is important for a business organisation. The two definitions explain the role and importance of strategic management. Formulation of a business model for non-profit organisation Developing a business model is regarded as one of the first step towards strategic management. According to Polonsky Grau (2011), it is essential to understand and map the organisation to carry forward the process of business operation. Identification of the source of finance is one of the important aspects of a business model in the non-profit sector. Resource allocation and persuasion are the next most important aspects that are focused by the non-profit seeking originations (Jungbok, 2015). Understanding the business environment A company is impacted by the internal as well as the external business environment. The internal environment is in the control of the organisation, on the other hand the external environment is not under the control of the company hence the company should be aware of the factors and formulate the management strategies accordingly (Domanski, 2011). Balanced Scorecard According to Hartnett Matan (2011), there can be a number of ways to evaluate the success the nonprofit as accomplishments of the organisation are focused from the perspective of the stakeholders. The tool that is used to measure the success is perspective with the help of BSC; the organisation can concentrate on determining and monitoring the cause and effect relationships between the important aims and have an accurate report on leading and lagging initiatives. This process will supply substantial evidence to form the decisions rather than guessing which fund raising campaigns, events and services are valuable to the stakeholders. Sundin et al., (2010), states that BSC has the ability to help the management of the companies with multiple objectives by applying systematic analysis of the objectives of the stakeholders and balancing it with the objective of the organisation by using the perceived cause and effect relationships between the aims and actions taken by a non-profit seeki ng organisation (Greiling, 2010). Resource Dependency Theory This theory states how external resources of an organisation impact the behavior of the organisation (Bryant Davis, 2012). As funds rising are one of the most important aspect of a non-profit organization external resource dependency theory is appropriate for the application in strategic management of a NPO (Velayutham et al., 2012). The theory recommends that the behavior of the company is directly impacted by the management of the organisation this dependency on an external resource like donated funds and gifts in kind. Voluntary financial support is not only the biggest concern of small scale organisation but also it is a major issue for the company which operates on a much larger scale both nationally and internally. Scherhag Boenigk (2013), conducted a study regarding the cultural treatment of a donor of the organisation with respect to communications in between the organizations and their donors or perspective people who could donate. The authors argue that the organizations in order to keep the funds following in the process of operation treat the wealthier and the most profitable donors in a superior manner so that they can build a strong value oriented relation and make the process of donation permanent. The dependency of the resources of a non-profit organisation is large in terms of the stakeholders of the company as well because they are the ones who create the process of resource accumulation and resource allocation in order to receive optimal operation. In the study conducted by Akingbola (2013), the author states that all organizations are heavily dependent on the human resource associated with the company. In order to smoothly operate and develop companies need to bank on some of the other aspects as well. The importance or the significance of the resource to the organization is determined by the authority and influence the factor that represents the resource has on the organisation. Influential and important stakeholders of the company are as sociated with the resources that are most important for the organisation. The significant factors based on this theory enjoy their influence based on a combination of factors regarding the resource they offer: the level of significance the resource provide for the organisation, the level of control the factor has on the distribution of the resource, and the level of switching cost of the resource (McDonald et al., 2015). Communication management Communication is essential for any company operating in any industry in order to deliver the message the company have for the various stakeholders. Depending on the nature of the business and the purpose of the message companies come up with a strategic communication management plan so that the messages are delivered to the right target at the tight time (Wiggill, 2011). The idea of strategic communication management is to align the communication process of the organization with the objectives and aims of the organisation. For a non-profit organisation one of the main aims is to develop a strong bond of mutual understanding with the stakeholders of the company who are responsible of the inflow of resources that in turn help in running the organisation. Wiggill(2011), argues that the lack of knowledge for an organisation is a bigger issue for a nonprofit organization when it comes to implementing the communication process. In order to effectively implement the communication strategies the company should be aware of the full potential of the company. According to Kong (2010), suggest that both informal and formal means have to be employed by a NOP so that the company can conduct a two-waycommunicationbetween the stakeholders. The devices can include organizational culture, missions, values, employee satisfaction surveys, and newsletters etc. The media that is chosen to communicate is dependent on the nature of the message and also on the direction of the message towards the particular stakeholder that that company is targeting to communicate with. If the selection of medium is wrong then the purpose or the meaning of the message has the chance to change Kong (2010). On the other hand, the authors Maxwell Carboni (2014), state strategic communication not only differs with the stakeholders but also changes with the network the company is dealing with. As this would ensure that the relationship in between all the stakeholders of the organisation have a strong bond with the organisation, it will also help the company gain in terms of resource as many customers who have no history of donation may be transferred into a donator. Skill development and training is essential for this model to work successfully especially the human resource and the other internal fact (Modi Mishra, 2010). Marketing concept Marketing mix is a concept in strategic management which is essential for any organisation. It is a tool that is used by the companies to plan and organize the present and future policies and formulate decisions to achieve the goals of the organisation. Mano, (2010) state that marketing for a non-profit organisation to meet the demands of the environment to combat or decrease uncertainty and sustain organisational performance to excellence. Because the performance measuresofNPO may impact on the diverse nature of the judgment. Therefore, planning and organisation must be implemented to suggest the relationship in between the performance and effect on the multiple factors of the company. NPOs do not operate on the standard business model hence the standard business marketing strategies are not suited to the complex, dynamic, volunteer- and community-oriented, mission-driven nature ofnon-profit organisation (Mano, 2010). Tabaku et al. (2013), states that CRM or cause-related marketing is a suitable supply ofproceeds for a not-for-profitorganizations. The cause of an organisation is aligned with the marketing tactics of the company which ensures that the people associated with the marketing process are always aware of the cause for which the company operates. Conclusion The organizations that operate in the third-sector are the beacon of sustainability and ethics in the business sector. The above concepts and definitions that are reviewed in the literature state the compatibility of the concepts with the non-profit organizations and state the importance of strategic management of the sector. As these organizations operate on a value based, voluntary service the companies have to implement the process in a very tactful manner. The nature of the organizations is such that the standard business strategies do not apply to the efficiency of the organization which makes it imperative to strategies the management. The business model will help the company identify with the changes in the in the environment and map possibilities of growth in the future along with deal with present opportunities. The BSC and the resource development theory digs deep into the operations suggesting ways and means the organizations may implement to develop a strategic management . References: Akingbola, K. (2013). A model of strategic nonprofit human resource management.Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations,24(1), 214-240. Anheier, H. (2014).Nonprofit organizations: Theory, management, policy(2nd ed.). London: Routledge. Bao, G. (2015). What theories are needed for strategic management?Nankai Business Review International,6(4), 433-454. Bryant, P., Davis, C. (2012). REGULATED CHANGE EFFECTS ON BOARDS OF DIRECTORS: A LOOK AT AGENCY THEORY AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCY THEORY. Bryce, H. J. (2017).Financial and strategic management for nonprofit organizations. Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co KG. Domanski, J. (2011). The analysis and synthesis of strategic management research in the third sector from early 2000 through to mid-2009.Foundations of Management,3(2), 27. Greiling, D. (2010). Balanced scorecard implementation in german non-profit organization.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,59(6), 534-554. Hartnett, B., Matan, R. (2011).The Balanced Scorecard: A strategic tool for the nonprofitsector. Livingston, NJ: Sobel Co. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R. (2013).Strategic management theory. South-Western/Cengage Learning. Jungbok, H. (2015). Marketing strategies for nonprofit organizations.Advances in Management,8(10), 1-5. Kong, E. (2010). Analyzing BSC and IC's usefulness in nonprofit organizations. Mano, R. S. (2010). Marketing and performance evaluations in non-profit services.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,59(6), 555-570. Maxwell, S. P., Carboni, J. L. (2014). Stakeholder communication in service implementation networks: Expanding relationship management theory to the nonprofit sector through organizational network analysis. McDonald, R. E., Weerawardena, J., Madhavaram, S., Sullivan Mort, G. (2015). From "virtuous" to "pragmatic" pursuit of social mission.Management Research Review,38(9), 970-991. Modi, P., Mishra, D. (2010). Conceptualising market orientation in non-profit organization : Definition, performance, and preliminary construction of a scale.Journal of Marketing Management,26(5), 548. Polonsky, M., Grau, S. L. (2011). Assessing the social impact of charitable organizationsfour alternative approaches.International journal of nonprofit and voluntary sector marketing,16(2), 195-211. Scherhag, C., Boenigk, S. (2013). Different or equal treatment? Donor priority strategy and fundraising performance assessed by a propensity score matching study.Nonprofit Management and Leadership,23(4), 443-472. Sundin, H., Granlund, M., Brown, D. A. (2010). Balancing multiple competing objectives with a balanced scorecard.European Accounting Review,19(2), 203-246. Tabaku, E., Mersini (Zerellari), M. (2013). An overview of marketing means used by non-profit organizations: A detailed overview of NPOs operating in the district of elbasan.Journal of Marketing and Management,4(2), 78-95. Velayutham, C. M., PalanivelRV, AnbarasanR, SinthujaM. (2012). Human resource administration in relation to CEOs in not-for-profit organizations. Weerawardena, J., McDonald, R. E., Mort, G. S. (2010). Sustainability of nonprofit organizations: An empirical investigation.Journal of World Business,45(4), 346-356. Wiggill, M. N. (2011). Strategic communication management in the non-profit sector: A simplified model.

Wednesday, April 15, 2020

A Plan to Win essays

A Plan to Win essays The Iowa Democratic caucuses were the first test for the contenders, and their organizations, in the race to become the Democratic Partys nomination as its candidate for the 2004 presidential election. This years Iowa caucuses can help develop a plan to win for the 2008 caucuses by learning from Deans mistakes and Kerrys winning strategies. Deans organization was filed with inexperienced, ill trained campaign workers, who did not know how to categorize voters, often having low standards for Ones. They lacked discipline and structure and conflicted with Deans senior staff. As shown in Kerrys organization, relationships play a key role in how successful the candidate is. Dean did not have a partnership with his campaign manager, Joe Trippi. I was said, in the article Turning Point in the July 19th issue of U.S. News dysfunctional and that Trippi often refused to take call from Dean on the road. Not only did Dean not build relationships with his organization, more importantly he didnt build one with voters. Unlike the rest of the contenders Howard dean did not give something for the voters to identify with. He admitted his failure to make a more human connection with voters hurt him. However this wasnt Deans only failure, Dean and his campaign were full of mistakes, blunders, and confusion. Dean told U.S. News that the three things I wanted to do are change the Democratic party, change the country and become president of the United States... in that order. That raised the question: Did Dean really want this? If you were to ask that question about Kerry the answer wouldve been absolutely Yes. The statement Dean made did not give the people confidence that he could take on Bush. John Kerry on the other hand had faithful people that were working hard for him. Kerr...

Thursday, March 12, 2020

Goals of Marketing Research Paper Example

Goals of Marketing Research Paper Example Goals of Marketing Paper Goals of Marketing Paper What are the basic goals of marketing? The basic goals of marketing is to target people who an interest in your product or service. The real challenge of marketing is in finding people who are most likely to want what you are selling and then get them to buy what you are selling. Take a good look at the products around your home. Why do you pick the brands you pick? Its called product differentiation. If you want your product to stand out, emphasize a retain feature or aspect about the product that makes It stand out above similar products and markets. And of course the smaller the niche, the better the fit between your services and the market for It, which will lead to a long lasting relationship with mutual benefits. Always select, read and use the resources of your target market and youll be able to predict with measurable success the trends and shifts In the market. You have to realize Its the market that drives the sellers, so you cant Just sell anything you want. :

Tuesday, February 25, 2020

Best Candidate to be U.S. President Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Best Candidate to be U.S. President - Essay Example He has continued to make such significant and deep speeches and has even been combined it with solid character. One cannot ignore such an aspect of leadership because no matter how good a president's policies are, at the end of the day, he/she needs to communicate them to the public and convince them why those policies should be implemented. History has shown how leaders like Winston Churchill and Adolph Hitler were able to move crowds to action. Presidents with good oratory skills may motivate their citizens to work harder and contribute towards the development of their economy. (Somerset, 2008) Some of Obama's rivals have claimed that this is something that should not be considered since they feel that greater precedence should be given to policies. However, this argument holds no water because Obama has both aspects; oratory skills and concrete ideas. One of the most outspoken candidates and rivals to Obama; Clinton keep on claiming that Senator Obama has no experience in politics generally and in the United States parliament specifically. However this is very invalid statement because of the following reasons; First of all, Senator Obama has served for seven years as Illinois Senator. When one compares this to what President George W. Bush had before his election, this exceeds Bush's years by five. Even his main democratic rival has nothing on him. If voted into office, he will have three years more experience than her. It should also be note that the issue of experience has only been considered as a point by Hillary Clinton. No other presidential candidate has highlighted the issue of lack of experience aside from her. Racial issues Some stereotypes have argued that American citizens will never accept an African American for president. But this is a far cry from where the American State has emerged. Gone are the days when African Americans were considered as subordinate to the 'white' American. Those issues were addressed adequately in the 1964 Civil rights movements that saw the elimination of all discriminative issues. While one must not ignore the fact that race is still an issue in the US, it is highly unlikely that this will the main issue driving the election. Polls have shown that the racial issue carries a very small percentage among priority lists for voters. (Hutcherson, 2008) It should also be noted that there are also other issues in other presidential candidates that would cause potential sources of bias. For example, Hillary Clinton is also not your 'typical candidate' simply because she is a woman. The New Mexico Governor was happens to be a Latin American and still stood for the presidential race. Therefore proponents of this argument would eliminate almost all presidential candidates since there is something about them that renders them unconventional. The United States electorate is more interested in the best and most qualified person for the job and not how they look like. Such biases are more of side shows than the real deal. Bi partisanship Senator Barrack Obama is one leader who has the ability to reconcile two major differing parties or issues. The nature of the American State is that most individuals are quite opinionated yet democratic at the same time. There is no room for imposition of rules or policies without consultation and

Sunday, February 9, 2020

Operations Management and Operations Function Essay

Operations Management and Operations Function - Essay Example Organizations have got into a new era that is featured dramatic, rapid, and turbulent changes. The increased pace of change has transformed the operations in the organizations (Mahadevan, 2010, p. 307). The transformation has become integral and inherent part of organizational life. Several emerging trends have made organizations change their operations functions. These trends include globalization and increased competition from the emerging industries. Most organizations operate in a global economy that is characterized by intense competition. Many products and service are consumed externally as compared to the country of origin. Globalization has brought about a greater union in terms of taste and preference. For this reason, many organizations have changed their old operations in order to keep up with the competition in the market. An operations manager plays a vital role in business, government or any other organization. The task of operation manager is dependent on nature and the size of the organization. An operation manager requires both interpersonal and business skills to succeed in his/ her operations (Burcher, 2004, p. 30). An operation plays a vital role in the management of resources in the organization. Additionally, the operation manager is responsible for financial management in the organization. The operations manager is also responsible for setting objectives and goals and makes policies in various departments in the organization (Meyler, et al., 2013 p 100).

Thursday, January 30, 2020

The Religion of Paul the Apostle by John Ashton Essay Example for Free

The Religion of Paul the Apostle by John Ashton Essay This book is the outcome of the author’s conviction that an important way of understanding Saint Paul has been neglected. He mentions the idea expressed in 1888 by Hermann Gunkel, that Paul’s life experiences are the key to understanding his teaching about the spirit. On page 198 Ashton quotes Heinrich Weinel as saying :-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Whenever the early church speaks of spirit and spirits it is always a matter of a perception based on frequent occurrences of real experiences. We see therefore that this book is much more an attempt to explain Paul’s experiences than yet another examination of his theology. The blurb on the back of this unusual book says in the author’s own words :- Paul did, I think, found a religion, and this book is largely concerned   with the question of how he came to do so. Besides being a study of comparative religion it is also proffered as a contribution towards the   history of early Christianity. Some would argue with that definition – it seems to remove Christ from the picture and also the work of other evangelists. Paul has such a prominent position in the New Testament not necessarily because he was more important than other evangelists, but because, in Luke, he had such an excellent biographer. A look at the Bible references in the back of the book reveals how many times Paul’s life or words are referenced in comparison to the relatively few references taken from the gospels and the Old Testament. The book is very concerned with definitions, in particular with the difference between   religion – defined as experience, and theology – defined as the thinking that comes as a result of that experience. This is a scholarly work as can be seen immediately from the background of the author and the number of works by other scholars that he has consulted .John Ashton was formerly a lecturer in New Testament Studies at Oxford University. He had previously taught at the universities of London, St Andrews and Edinburgh. At the time of writing this book ( 2000) he was Emeritus Fellow of Wolfson College, also in Oxford. He is best known for writing about John’s gospel – ‘Understanding the Fourth Gospel’, ‘Approaches to the Fourth Gospel’ etc ‘The religion of Saint Paul the Apostle’ was originally a series of 8 lectures which the author had been asked to give at Oxford University in 1998. These were the annual ‘Wilde Lectures in Natural and Comparative Religion’, founded under a trust deed in 1908. The nature of the lectures has changed over the years   as Ashton explains. Once upon a time they sought to distinguish the higher religions from the lower, but this second part of the description was dropped in 1969, probably in an attempt not to appear racist or judgmental. He uses material both from Paul himself, but also from contemporaries of his from both Jewish and Hellenistic, i.e. pagan, backgrounds. Ashton describes how from the 1880’s onwards there had been attempts to study the New Testament as objectively as one might study any other historical sources, but also goes on to say that the people were concerned were actually theologians rather than historians and were in the main Christians. It is however a subject t upon which it is very difficult to remain objective whatever one’s background as believer, atheist, agnostic or member of another religion.   Ashton’s main argument in this work is that Paul’s personal mystical experiences, especially the events on the Damascus road recorded by Luke in Acts 9, may be of more importance than the somewhat unsystematic theology of his letters. The book seeks to show how important aspects of Paul’s life and ministry should be seen in the light of his religious experience. He quotes Schweitzer who said of Paul’s mysticism that it ‘marks the last stage of the battle fought by the idea of resurrection to establish its place in eschatology’. He examines closely what he sees as shamanistic elements of Paul, both in his teaching and his letters and mentions how, from the1880’s onwards there have been those who have sought to prove that Paul was greatly influenced by pagan mystery religions which abounded at the time giving as an example his theology of baptism which it could be argued was very similar to that of the re-enactions of the death and rebirth of various gods such as Attis,   a Phrygian god of vegetation and Adonis,   a Greek deity. These ideas would be familiar to Paul, bought up as he was in a world where Greek influence was important, but his main influence   must have been his Jewish background, although Ashton believes that Paul’s religion was rather more than a mere modification of Judaism. On page 135 Ashton describes baptism as practised in the churches that Paul founded as being no more than a token when compared to the rites of passage practised in other religions of the time. Some would disagree with this minimalisation of what they see as an important part of Christian ritual, and in many churches it is only undertaken after a period of instruction which may be quite prolonged. Ashton says that the starting point for Paul’s thinking on the subject comes not from his knowledge of baptismal practices in Judaism, but was a result of his dramatic death life experience on the Damascus road and the subsequent resurrection to a new life in Damascus.   In chapter 7 he explains the part that the spirit world played in ancient times – anything that could not be explained was deemed to be the work of spirits and gods – for good or ill. Mention is made of how demons were believed to be behind and to explain all sorts of happenings that deviated from the norm such as storms, plagues, riots, unhappy love affairs and much more. Paul does not mention demons much, though he does refer to what he sees as his one great adversary – Satan. Ashton explains the role of the spirit both in Paul’s life and in that of his converts. He also examines the role of Christ himself in a passage which he realises may cause offence as it is entitled ‘Jesus the Shaman’.   In order to mitigate any offence he states that shamanism was not the most important aspect of Jesus’ ministry, but says that Jesus’ life as a wandering healer fits in with shamanistic practices even more than does the work of Paul. He claims that Jesus was not unique in this quoting several sources. There is detailed reference to the various words used to describe Jesus’ actions in ‘muzzling’ evil spirits. This, Ashton says, merely places Christ alongside other exorcists of the time. The difference was how he did it according to Mark chapter 3 v 11 and 12 where we are told that â€Å" Whenever the evil spirits saw him they fell down before him and cried out ‘You are the Son of God’.† On page 69, still discussing the shamanism of Christ, Ashton reminds us that in all three synoptic gospels the two incidents of the baptism of Christ and the temptation in the wilderness are recorded in that order and   he admits that for the purposes of his argument it would be better if they had been   recorded in the reverse order which would have fitted in better with the usual shamanistic experience of struggle followed by call or empowerment but a t least the two are associated.   Although in chapter 2, entitled ‘Paul the Enigma’ the question is asked ‘Was Paul a shaman?’ the answer is quickly given ‘Not really’. A shaman is a member of a tribal society who acts as a medium between the natural world and the spiritual one. A shaman is limited in his influence and also his periods of spirit filled ecstasy are limited and transitory. He uses magic to control events in the natural world, whether for good as in healing, or for bad as in curses. Paul did use his powers to control nature as when on the isle of Malta ( Acts 27) to cure many people, but it was available widely and not used in a negative way. Yet the author insists that some of Paul’s practices were shamanistic in nature and quotes the example of a picture of Paul struck blind from ‘Trà ¨s Riches Heures du Duc de Berry.’ Under the picture are the words ‘The inspired priest or shaman is usually called to his vocation   by a traumatic experience.’ Ashton sees the role of the shaman in two parts – the shaman’s personal experience and his ability to persuade other people of his exceptional gifts. This latter aspect is described as the social aspect. Ashton quotes at length from a Japanese work on the subject which states that a shaman is one who receives a gift from the spirit world. Usually this is from one spirit who becomes a companion or guide and after receiving the gift the shaman may experience a period of hysteria afterwards which results in illness. The process involves a complete change of character, perhaps like that described at the time of Paul’s meeting with the risen Christ. Whatever happened to Paul he himself saw it as a vision and a call – see Galatians 1. On page 243 Ashton mentions the finding of the documents now known as the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1947. One of these ‘Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice’ was finally published only in 1985. He states that as early as 1971 John Bowker had put forward the proposition that Paul’s vision took place while he was engaged in a period of merkabah mysticism as mentioned in the scroll. He then mentions the doctoral thesis published in 1980 by Seyoon Kim ‘The Origin’s of Paul’s Gospel† which seems able to prove a link between Ezekiel 1, a key passage in the study of such mystic practises, and the verse in the Second letter to the Corinthians   ( 4 v 6) where it says ‘For God who said â€Å"Let light shine out of darkness† made his light shine in our hearts’. Ashton further argues that Paul’s ability to discuss spiritual matters is important in understanding the continuing popularity of his writings. The aim is to define Paul – a convert, a prophet, a mystic, an apostle, a charismatic, a shaman. Whichever definition one prefers Ashton argues that Paul acted as he did because of the set of circumstances in which he found himself. In chapter 4, entitled ‘Paul the Mystic’ Ashton is concerned with Paul’s mystical experiences, especially the rapture which he described in 2 Corinthian 12 as being carried up to the third heaven. The trances in which visions like these occur were well known in Judaism, but as Ashton points out, are a feature of shamanistic activities throughout the world. Despite this Ashton admits on his final page that any observable resemblances between Paul’s life and features of shamanism are coincidence only. Another aspect of the book is the examination of why, according to Ashton, Paul generally seemed to prefer to speak to Gentile audiences rather than the Jews of whom he was one, and, alongside this, there is an examination of Paul’s attitude to traditional Judaism, which it is possible he never officially renounced. See 2nd Corinthians 11 v 22 ‘Are they Hebrew? So am I’   Ã‚  Ashton seems fascinated with the idea of the symbiosis of Judaism and its younger offspring Christianity as when Paul spent three weeks at Thessalonica explaining how Jesus had to die and rise again, using the Jewish scriptures to do so.( Acts 17 v 1-4). Christians today read Paul’s words after 2000 years of the church developing his ideas into what we call Christian theology, something that was not in place before Paul – says Ashton, but he pays little attention to the theology of Christ found in the gospels. Ashton believed that Paul was a religious thinker in the sense that his thoughts were reflection upon his experiences rather than a pure theologian. In his introduction Ashton discusses various previous ways of looking at Paul and his influence i.e. a studies of his conversion and subsequent work in founding and building Christian communities; those who aim to present a systematic account of his thinking; Paul’s psychology and finally those who seek to put his work in a historical or/and sociological perspective. He concludes that none of these approaches quite fits his purpose, without stating precisely what his purpose is at this point. Chapter 2 describes Paul as an enigma – a puzzle. He questions how much shamanistic practices, already present in Judaism back until the time of the Judges, affected Paul. Ashton quotes passages from I Samuel describing prophets and seers, a translation which Ashton believes to be wrong. and quotes much later passages, in Isaiah and Jeremiah where the practices of mediums and so on were condemned e.g. Isaiah 8 v 19. Like many others of Christ’s followers Paul was an exorcist and a prophet. On page 36 Ashton concludes that there is no evidence that Paul picked up shamanistic practices from another   shaman, unless, as some such as Andrew Wilson believe, he did meet Christ in life and copied his practices. Among the many works quoted is Karl Barth’s commentary on Romans in which Ashton says that Barth deplores any attempt to describe Paul as a religious figure. Also mentioned is   J. Louis Martyn who aims in his commentary to dispel the idea that Paul was in any way anti-Jewish. Barth in particular splits religion absolutely from theology, but although it is possible to study the subject in a totally objective way, just as one might study chemistry, I do not feel that this is true of Paul. His theology sprang very definitely from his personal experience of the Saviour and the Holy Spirit working within him. Ashton also tries to explain the huge success of Paul’s message in bringing about change in the lives of both individual’s and communities. On page 234, in a chapter entitled ‘Paul the Possessed’ Ashton quotes Paul’s words in his letter to the Galatian church , Galatians 4   v14, where he describes how, despite his physical difficulties, he was welcomed ‘as if I were an angel of God’ i.e. as a messenger directly from God.   George Bertram is quoted as saying that this passage is the key to Paul’s own understanding of his role.    ‘He is entitled   to speak in this way’ says Bertram , ‘because Christ is manifested in him, in his body, in his missionary work’. On page 236 Evans-Pritchard’s statement about how, when a man is seized by a spirit, the event may be a temporary one, is quoted. Evans-Pritchard went on to say that if it is a permanent possession, the person becomes a prophet capable of healing, of exorcism and having foresight into events. The presence of the Holy Spirit was the ruling factor in Paul’s life. Consider for instance his words in Romans 8 v 14 -16:-‘Those who are led by the Spirit of God are the sons of God ‘ and ‘the Spirit itself testifies with our spirit that we are God’s children’. Yet this is the same Paul who described himself in 1st Timothy as ‘the worst of sinners.’ (I Tim. 1 v 16). How great the change must have been. If we take Luke’s word in Acts 28 where he describes how Paul, right up until what may have been the end of his life, continued to teach and preach and quoted Isaiah who spoke about how the Holy Spirit spoke the truth, then in Paul’s case the change that occurred on the Damascus road was very permanent and influenced all that he both did and said.   Professor Ashton claims on page 162, in a chapter concerned with the apostleship of Paul, that Luke, as biographer, has no interest in the question that intrigues him. The story Luke is telling is that of how Christ, rejected by the Jews, was proclaimed to the Gentiles. Luke was eager to show how Paul used scripture to make his point. Ashton describes Paul, on page 162, as the chief witness and as such he was not reluctant to use spiritual power to do so.( I Corinthians 2 v 5) Just as Luke uses the phrase ‘in the power of the spirit’ to describe how Jesus returned to Galilee, Paul uses the same phrase to describe his own activity. Luke also tells us that Christ gave the apostles power and how Paul manifested similar power. Ashton mentions the passage in 2nd Corinthians 12 v 12 that he feels is the key to Paul’s ability to gain a hearing and also to convince –‘The things that mark an apostle – signs, wonders and miracles – were done among you with great perseverance.’ The people were convinced because his words had authority behind them – an authority he claimed came from the Messiah himself. Ashton mentions the work of Ramsey MacMullen in describing how religious fairs would convince people to join pagan religions. Their senses would be assaulted by all kinds of wonders. Ashton claims that Paul’s career begun in a similar way as a wonder worker and, although Luke tells us that Paul preached the word it seems likely that it was his spiritual acts that were the first attraction and only later did promises of salvation and forgiveness take root. Ashton concludes his unusual book by saying that he is a historian, and having looked at Paul using history and comparative anthropology as an alternative to the work of theologians, he hopes that if the book is noticed at all it will show that the way of the theologian is not the only way to come to an understanding of Paul the Apostle. This is not an easy book to either read or review. Not because it is difficult to follow the arguments, whether or not one agrees with them, but because it is so easy to get sidetracked along paths that one has not perhaps explored before such as the influence of Jewish mysticism on the early church or what other commentators say about a passage  Ã‚   such as that in Ezekiel chapter 1. Bu t if it rouses interest in this subject it has done its job even if the author is rather divident to whether or not or not he has proved his point.       Bibliography and Works Cited Ashton, John, Approaches to the Fourth Gospel ( Oxford University Press, Oxford 1994) Ashton, John, The Religion of Paul the Apostle ( Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2000) Ashton, John, Understanding the Fourth Gospel (Clarendon Paperbacks, Oxford, 1994) Bertram,G. ,Paulus Christophoys:Ein anthropologisches Problem des Neuen Testaments in Stromata: Festgabe des akademischen Verreins zu Giessen im Schmalkaldener Kartell anlà ¤ÃƒÅ¸lich seines 50. Stiftungstages ( Leipzig 1930) Bible, New International Version ( Hodder and Stoughton, London 1998) Bowker,J. ‘Merkabah’ Visions and Visions of Paul, ( JSS 16 1971) Evans-Pritchard, E.E. Nuer Religion,( Oxford 1956). Gunkel, H. Die Wirkungen des heiligen Geistes nach der populà ¤ren Anschuung der apostolischen Zeit und der Lehre des apostels Paulus ( Gà ¶ttingen 1888) Kim,S., The Origin of Paul’s Gospel, ( Berlin 1984). Ramsey,W.M., The Bearing of Recent discoveries on the Trustworthiness of the New Testament,( London 1915) Schweitzer,A.   Geschichte der paulinnischen Forschung von der Reformation bis auf die Gergenwart.( Tà ¼bingen 191) Trà ¨s Riches Heures du Duc de Berry http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/rh/1.html ( accessed 12th January 2008). Weinel,H., Die Wirkungen des Geistes und der Geister im nachapostolischen Zeitaler bis zum Irenà ¤us ( Friburg i.B/Liepzig/Tà ¼bingen 1899) Wilson,A.N. Paul  :the Mind of the Apostle, ( London 1997).

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

Band of Brothers by Stephen Ambrose :: American History

Band of Brothers by Stephen Ambrose I. Authors Background Stephen Ambrose was born in 1936 and grew up in Whitewater, Wisconsin, a small town where his father was the M.D. At the University of Wisconsin, he started as a pre-med, but inspired by a great professor he changed his major to History. After getting his M.A. degree at Louisiana State University, he returned to the University of Wisconsin to complete a Ph.D. Ambrose began teaching at the University of New Orleans. He started as a Civil War historian but changed to political history after President Eisenhower asked him to become his biographer. Since then, Ambrose has written more than twenty books. Among his best sellers are D-Day, Citizen Soldiers, Band of Brothers, Undaunted Courage and Nothing like it in the World. He was also a consultant for Steven Spielberg’s movie Saving Private Ryan. He is a retired Professor of History. Ambrose is now the director of the Eisenhower Center in New Orleans and is the founder of the National D-Day Museum. He is also a contributing editor of the Quarterly Journal of Military History. II. Synopsis Band of Brothers is a fascinating book that captures moments lived by soldiers during World War II. It specifically relates to the History of a small unit of paratroopers known as Easy Company, 506 Regiment, 101st Airborne. It is a story that follows the company from its inception to the capture of Hitler’s nest. It begins with the training of these soldiers at Camp Toccoa, Georgia. The 140 members of easy company who were young men from different social levels were physically and mentally trained. This particular company had an extremely harsh training, but many believe it is because of this training that they were considered as one of the best rifle companies in the army. Their trainer was Captain Sobel who they disliked but was later replaced with Lieutenant Winters. Two of the many things these soldiers learned were brotherhood and leadership. The first drop done by the paratroopers was on June 6, 1944 in Normandy. This drop did not result as planned. Planes were flying at a high velocity and at a short distance from the ground. Therefore one of the planes got hit. They arrived at Carentan which they captured and flew back to Aldbourne. Their second drop was on September 17, 1944 in Holland. This time it was perfectly done.

Monday, January 13, 2020

Summer Reading Assignment: About a Boy

Mr. Wilson English 11 5 September 2012 Summer Reading Assignment: About a Boy Insensible Will, who lives comfortably off of the money from a popular Christmas song his father wrote, comes up with the idea to join a Single Parents Alone Together, (SPAT), group in order to pick up single moms. What he chooses to overlook however, is the fact that he does not have any children. This sparks a chain of events beginning with him meeting Marcus, an awkward young teenage boy who is being raised by a depressed, single mother.Marcus is constantly tormented at school and feels as though he has no one to turn to. He becomes very fond of Will who is tolerant with him at first and begins to grow attached to his high strung personality. Marcus begins to gain confidence, learn how to deal with his mother, and win the affection of an older punk rocker girl named Ellie at his school. However spending time with Marcus begins to show Will just how empty his life really is. Marcus and Will cross paths at a SPAT get together when Marcus’s mom asks her friend Susie to bring him.That day is the when both Marcus and Wills’ life change forever. When arriving home from the SPAT party Susie, Marcus, and Will walk into Marcus’s mom Fiona passed out in her own vomit. In the mix of it all Marcus doesn’t even see that his mom had tried to overdose on pills. From that day forward Marcus constantly worried about his mother’s depression instead of worrying about himself, and how he gets picked on everyday at his school. It wasn’t until he met Will that Marcus realized why he was getting picked on.Fiona, Marcus’s mom, was in denial and believed that Marcus was just fine wearing ugly shoes, and listening to Mozart. Will helps him to find himself, and to shed his nerdy and dorky skin. As the months passed Marcus began to change and he started hanging out with this punk rocker girl Ellie. At first Marcus believed that he was in love with Ellie and tha t he could spend the rest of his life with her but after taking her to go see his father Marcus realizes she is just too different and crazy. At the end of the novel Will knows for sure that Marcus will be ok when he complains about Will askingFiona to take out sheet music of Marcus’s old favorite nerdy singer. He knows the days of Marcus letting kids bully him, steal his shoes, and mock him for his old haircut are gone. Will did not only help Marcus, but Marcus helped him. Before he was ever involved with Marcus, Will was a pot smoking, lazy, self centered person. However after everything he went through with Marcus, Will changed, and for the better. At the end of the novel Will had found love with this beautiful single mother, Rachel. Even Will realized that himself.He had lost his shell and his cool and his distance, and he felt scared and vulnerable, but he got to be with Rachel, and that’s all that mattered. Fiona at the beginning of the novel was a suicidal, depr essed, and horrible mother. Even after trying to kill herself she was still horrible. She didn’t even notice how hard of a time Marcus was having at school and she wanted to take away Will from Marcus when he was the only thing making her son happy. But as Marcus changed so did Fiona. She was longer so depressed and no longer hated Marcus as her son.Even though she has lost a big part of Marcus, she got to stay away from the hospital because she was no longer depressed. Change makes you flexible, and helps go with the flow. Change makes you smarter. If things never changed, you’d never learn anything new. And every time you learn something new its makes you smarter than you were yesterday. Change reminds us that anything is possible. It’s easy to think that anything that’s stuck will always be that way. Marcus, Fiona and Will all learned how to improve their lives and it was all because of each other.

Sunday, January 5, 2020

In modern Britain, is the family still an effective source of social control Have any other influences or social networks become more effective in providing this - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2348 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Sociology Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Social control can be defined as a system of measures, suggestion, persuasion, restraint and coercion by which society brings people into conformity with an accepted code of behaviour (Sharma, 2007, p. 220). There are many forms of direct and indirect social control. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "In modern Britain, is the family still an effective source of social control? Have any other influences or social networks become more effective in providing this?" essay for you Create order The family has always provided a strong means of social control in its direct influence on the behaviour of its members. However, with the changing nature of the family structure in modern Britain, the familys ability to provide an effective means of social control has been called into question. This essay will explore the concept of social control in relation to the changing role of the family and the increasing influence of other areas, in particular the mass media and the internet. Social control comes in two distinct forms: direct control and indirect control. Direct social control works when someone exerts influence on a person directly due to their close proximity, for example, the family. Indirect social control is provided by other factors removed physically from the person, such as institutions, traditions, customs and culture: these indirect means of social control are invisible and subtle (Sharma, 2007, p. 221). There are also two forms of social control within these groupings: control by sanction, which rewards the compliant and punishes the miscreant, and control by socialisation and education (Sharma, 2007, p. 222). Social control can be maintained by positive means and negative means. Positive means of social control make people want to conform to society in order to enjoy rewards, such as praise, social recognition or respect. Negative means of social control work in the opposite way, making people want to conform to society in order to avoid emotional or physical punishment, criticism, ridicule or shame (Sharma, 2007, p. 222). Formal and informal types of social control are also recognised as mean of controlling peoples behaviour within society. Formal social control is carried out by an agency specifically set up to ensure that people conform to a particular set of norms, especially the law (Browne, 2011, p. 17). Forms of formal social control include the control exerted by official institutions such as the government, education establishments, religion, the police and the army. Informal social control, in contrast, is carried out by agencies whose primary purpose is not social control (Browne, 2011, p. 18), such as family and friends, who influence us by socialising us into certain customs, values, ideals and norms. One example of socialised norms is gender roles. Boys and girls are encouraged to behave in way which accords with what society accepts to be masculine (assertive and dominant) or feminine (passive and submissive) forms of behaviour. To step outside these socialised expectations would be seen as transgressive and may lead to disapproval from others. Gender roles have been proven to be socially constructed rather than the result of any natural inclinations by studies that show men and womens accepted gender roles to be very different in other cultures and tribes around the world (Browne, 2011, p. 20). The family has always provided a strong means of social control. Parents provide children with direct guidelines to follow regarding acceptable behaviour. Social control through the family is achieved by both positive and negative means, with children keen to gain praise from their parents, while wanting to avoid punishment in any form for disobedience.   According to social control theory, those who are socially integrated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are more likely to engage in socially sanctioned behaviours and less likely to engage in risky behaviours (Baron, 2007, p. 9). In this way, social integration offered by the family unit helps to encourage socially accepted behaviour. However, the role of the family has changed significantly over the years. There has been a reduction in economic functions due to an increase in government help; a reduction in activities performed by the family with an increase in baby sitters and nurseries; an increase in family recreation with the advent of television and radio; and most importantly, a change in the relationships between men and women (Sharma, 2007, p. 256), which has seen the dominance of the patriarchal head being replaced by a need for co-operation among equals (Sharma, 2007, p. 259). The traditional idea of the nuclear family, consisting of the mother, father and two children, is no longer relevant in modern times. Today, there are many families made up of unmarried parents and single parents, while there are also many step-families and increasingly, homosexual partners with children. The traditional family is also being replaced by other modes of living, for example, single-person homes and house-shares of friends. The changing nature of the family unit means that today the word family can suggest such a variety of situations that no typical family now effectively exists. Bernardes suggests that family situations in contemporary society are so varied and diverse that it simply makes no sociological sense to speak of a single ideal-type model of the family at all (Bernardes, 1997, p. 209). Indeed, the Office of National Statistics tells us that the number of unmarried parent families has increased significantly from 2.2 million in 2003 to 2.9 million in 2013 (Office for National Statistics, 2013). There has been a slow but steady rise in the number of single parent families, 1.9 million in 2013, up from 1.8 million in 2003. Out of 26.4 million households in the UK in 2013, 29% consisted of only one person, while the fastest growing household type was households containing two or more families (Office for National Statistics, 2013). It is clear that the family unit is constantly changing as society changes and so it seems natural to suggest that there are many elements of diversity within families that can affect their social control. Fogarty, Rapoport and Rapoport (1982) identify five main types of family diversity in modern Britain:a. organizational, b. cultural, c. class, d. life-cycle of family, and e. cohort. (Rapoport, Fogarty and Rapoport, 1982, p. 479) Organisational diversity speaks of the family structure, kinship patterns and division of labour within the home. For example, traditional nuclear families, consisting of husband, wife and two children; single-parent families; dual-worker families where both parents work; and step-families. (Rapoport, Fogarty and Rapoport, 1982, p. 479) Cultural diversity refers to the differences in lifestyles between families of different ethnic, religious, or political backgrounds. For example, Catholic societies do not allow abortion or contraception, so this would necessarily lead to larger families and thus, perhaps, a stronger social influence over younger members. Class diversity means the class divisions between different classes, which give different amounts of access to resources. This can be seen in relationships between men and women, parenting of children and connections with extended family. (Rapoport, Fogarty and Rapoport, 1982, p. 479) Life-course refers to differences in family life that occur over time. For example, young parents living with their child have a different experience from an elderly couple with adult children. Cohort refers to generational links within families, which can be important when extended family members live close to the nuclear family (Rapoport, Fogarty and Rapoport, 1982, p. 479); this would generally increase the strength of familial social control. The family unit has historically always been an important in shaping the characters and behaviour of its members, so that the family is the first institution that helps in implementing social control mechanism (Pandit, 2009, p. 73). Children grow up within the moral framework laid down by the older family members. However, with the breakdown of the traditional nuclear family structure, there have been other modes of social control that have become increasingly important. The mass media is actively engaged with virtually all peoples homes in the modern world. Mass media, such as television and newspapers, influences our attitudes and even our values can be skewed by the media as products and services are advertised as necessities. Advertising acts as an effective form of positive and negative social control by encouraging the consumer to confirm to social norms. For example, we are encouraged to buy deodorant to avoid body odour and thus the disapproval of others, while we are also encouraged to buy fashionable clothes to impress others (Batra, Myers and Aaker, 2006, p. 359). It is, in this way, that the media has become an important source of social control on a day to day basis because the more pressing influences on our daily behaviour are those influences that exist in our immediate vicinity. Indeed, the proliferation of the media has altered the very nature of contemporary social order (Innes, 2003, p. 60). However, the most pressing influence of the media is not necessarily as a form of social control but as a form of social ordering in that it determines not how we think but what issues we tend to think about (Innes, 2003, p. 60). The media directs public attention to certain issues and causes them to be the subject of public and private debate. More specifically within the media, the rise of the internet has made social media an important element in social control and social ordering, particularly among young people. The rise in personal technology and popularity of social networks, such as Facebook and Twitter, has meant that informal social control has grown between young people and their peer group. Friends can share photos on social networks and record every event in detail, tagging each other in photos, thus appearing on other pages without explicit consent. There is less privacy than ever before and people are being pressured into social conformity in many different ways via social networks:   social media can enable teens to succumb to peer pressure en masse (Firger, 2015). There is no other form of media that allows for greater recording and sharing of the smallest details of every interaction. These details can be projected around the world at the touch of a button. The social control exerted by social media is effective due to its wide reach and easy access. This kind of influence can be used for both good and bad (Herring, 2015, p. 50). The ability to connect with people so easily is a positive element of social media, strengthening bonds and encouraging greater understanding of other peoples cultures and viewpoints (Herring, 2015, p. 141). However, other areas of negative social control have also arisen in the digital space. Not only can social media be a means to communicating the wrong information, it has also led to new forms of social control, such as cyber bullying; disturbingly, twenty-five percent of teens have reported being bullied online via social media on their phones (Herring, 2015, p. 142). Social media has also been cited as a main cause for the marked increase in eating disorders among young people in recent years (Dugan, 2014). People are now being threatened in new ways, often from a great physical distance, to conform to their peer group. This kind of digital social control is distinct from other social control in that it can be wielded 24 hours a day, in a similar way to familial social control. The family has always been an important part of social control due to its close proximity to us, especially as children. However, with the changing face of the family, this form of social control has become less obviously effective. The change in the family unit and the reduction in traditional nuclear families means that the social control of families is more diluted. At the same time, the development of personal technology combined with the rise in internet usage and social media has meant that people now have more media influence in their lives. Indeed, powerful modern technology is making it more difficult for individuals to exert control over their personal worlds (Spring, 2013, p. 62), as they are effectively controlled by social influences entering their lives through their own mobiles and tablets. The media as a type of formal social control and social ordering has always been powerful but now that news and entertainment can be accessed 24 hours a day from a mobile phone, and social networks mean every moment can be shared, people are more influenced by the media than ever before. Despite this surge in the social control and social ordering by the media through the internet and social networking sites, the family still remains a highly effective means of social control. Robert Chester points out that, although times have changed, most people do still tend to spend a part of their life at least, within a typical family structure. We are usually born into a family, experience some kind of relationship and develop awareness of what family means (Chester, 1985). Although the media has increased its influence due to greater access to technology and the development of the internet, the primary role of the media, certainly for adults, tends to be in the realm of social ordering rather than social control. The family unit, in all its modern wide variety of forms and its strong influence over our values and morals, still maintains an effective role as a means of social control through its physical and emotional proximity and its direct influence over our behaviour, esp ecially in our earlier, most formative years. Bibliography Baron, K. G. 2007. Effects of Relationship Quality and Social Control on Adherence to CPAP in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Batra, R., Myers, J. G. and Aaker, D. A. 2006. Advertising Management. New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley Bernardes, J. 1997. Family Studies: An Introduction. London: Routledge Browne, K. 2011. An Introduction to Sociology. Cambridge: Polity Press Chester, R. 1985. The Rise of the Neo-Conventional Family in New Society, 9th May, 1985 Dugan, E. 2014. Eating disorders soar among teens and social media is to blame. Accessed on August 28, 2015 at: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/exclusive-eating-disorders-soar-among-teensand-social-media-is-to-blame-9085500.html Herring, M. Y. 2015. Social Media and the Good Life à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Do They Connect? Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland Company Innes, M. 2003. Understanding Social Control. Maidenhead: Open University Press Noble, T. 1998. Postmodernity and Family Theory in International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Vol. 39, 1998 Office for National Statistics. 2013. Statistical Bulletin: Families and Households, 2013. Accessed on August 28 2015 at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/family-demography/families-and-households/2013/stb-families.html Pandit, N. Sociology and Health and Physiotherapists. New Delhi: BI Publications Rapoport, R. N., Fogarty, M. P., and Rapoport, R. (eds.) 1982. Families in Britain. London: Routledge Kegan Paul Sharma, R. K. 2007. Social Change and Social Control. New Delhi: Atlantic Spring, J. 2013. Corporatism, Social Control and Cultural Domination in Education. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge